Placeholder

[code lang="html"]
[/code]

Range

[code lang="html"]
[/code]

Number

[code lang="html"]
[/code]

Search

[code lang="html"]
[/code]

Date

[code lang="html"]
[/code]

Month

[code lang="html"]
[/code]

Week

[code lang="html"]
[/code]

Time

[code lang="html"]
[/code]

Datetime

[code lang="html"]
[/code]

Datetime-Local

[code lang="html"]
[/code]

Currently, desktop browsers treat the following types as plain text. However, Safari on my iPhone optimizes the keyboard layout.

Email

[code lang="html"]
[/code]

URL

[code lang="html"]
[/code]

Tel

[code lang="html"]
[/code]

The next type is built into the HTML5 specification, but I could not find any browser that takes advantage of it.

Color

[code lang="html"]
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[code lang="cpp"]void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop()
{
while(Serial.available()) {
Serial.write(Serial.read());
}
}[/code]

While there is data available, we read it, then write it to the output. Now open Visual Studio and create a new Windows Forms Application. I will name it ArduinoSerial.

From your toolbox, add two Label’s, two ComboBox’s, and a SerialPort. I have named them lblCOM, lblBaud, cboPorts, cboBaud, and serialPort1 respectively. ComboBox’s cboPorts and cboBaud which will allow the user to select which COM port the Arduino is using and the correct Baud rate to use.

To get the available serial ports, use the GetPortNames() method from System.IO.Ports.SerialPort. You can then add this array to cboPorts.

[code lang="cpp"]string[] serialPorts = System.IO.Ports.SerialPort.GetPortNames();
cboPorts.Items.AddRange(serialPorts);[/code]

For the Baud rate ComboBox I am simply going to enumerate the values.
[code lang="cpp"]cboBaud.Items.Add(2400);
cboBaud.Items.Add(4800);
cboBaud.Items.Add(9600);
cboBaud.Items.Add(14400);
cboBaud.Items.Add(19200);
cboBaud.Items.Add(28800);
cboBaud.Items.Add(38400);
cboBaud.Items.Add(57600);
cboBaud.Items.Add(115200);[/code]
The final constructor takes the following form:
[code lang="cpp"]public ArduinoSerial()
{
InitializeComponent();

string[] serialPorts = System.IO.Ports.SerialPort.GetPortNames();
cboPorts.Items.AddRange(serialPorts);

cboBaud.Items.Add(2400);
cboBaud.Items.Add(4800);
cboBaud.Items.Add(9600);
cboBaud.Items.Add(14400);
cboBaud.Items.Add(19200);
cboBaud.Items.Add(28800);
cboBaud.Items.Add(38400);
cboBaud.Items.Add(57600);
cboBaud.Items.Add(115200);

cboPorts.SelectedIndex = 0;
cboBaud.SelectedIndex = 2;
}[/code]

Next we are going to create a button called btnStart. This button will initiate the connection to the Arduino. In the code for the buttons click event, we first need to get the port from cboPorts. Then are are going to assign this value to the PortName attribute of the SerialPort object.
[code lang="cpp"]serialPort1.PortName = cboPorts.SelectedItem.ToString();[/code]
We are going to do the same for the BaudRate attribute.
[code lang="cpp"]serialPort1.BaudRate = Convert.ToInt32(cboBaud.SelectedItem.ToString());[/code]
Then we are going to open the connection (and toggle the Start/Stop buttons)
[code lang="cpp"]if (!serialPort1.IsOpen)
{
btnStart.Enabled = false;
btnStop.Enabled = true;
serialPort1.Open();
}[/code]
In the btnStop click event is very similar to the above.
[code lang="cpp"]private void btnStop_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (serialPort1.IsOpen)
{
btnStart.Enabled = true;
btnStop.Enabled = false;
serialPort1.Close();
}
}[/code]
Now we can create a TextBox and a Button called txtInput and btnSend. These two controls will be responsible for sending data to the Arduino. In the btnSend click event add the following code.
[code lang="cpp"]if (!serialPort1.IsOpen) return;
serialPort1.Write(txtInput.Text + "\n");[/code]
The rest of the magic takes place in the SerialPorts DataReceived event. To get the data from the serial port we simply call the ReadExisting() function on the SerialPort object. Then we just need to append that text to a text box. However, we must make this thread safe to prevent any dead locks.

[code lang="cpp"]/**
* http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms171728(VS.80).aspx
*/
delegate void SetTextCallback(string text);
private void SetText(string text)
{
if (this.txtOutput.InvokeRequired)
{
SetTextCallback d = new SetTextCallback(SetText);
this.BeginInvoke(d, new object[] { text });
}
else
{
txtOutput.AppendText(text);
}
}

private void serialPort1_DataReceived(object sender, System.IO.Ports.SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e)
{
try
{
SetText(serialPort1.ReadExisting());
}

catch (Exception ex)
{
SetText(ex.ToString());
}

}[/code]

# cat foo
Hello, World

Will update the files atime, but it will not effect the ctime or mtime.

# chmod 777 foo

Will update the files ctime but not the files atime or mtime.

# echo “Goodbye, World!” > foo

Will update the files ctime and mtime but not the files atime.

What does $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] provide us with? Essentially, everything after the domain name. So if our URL is http://www.example.com/index.php?module=Blog&view=index, our URI is index.php?module=Blog&view=index. Moreover, if our URL is http://www.example.com/index.php/Blog/index, our URI is index.php/Blog/index. Using this, we can simply manipulate the URI to process incoming requests. First, we want to explode the URI at the file name, in my case it is index.php.

[code]$requests = explode("/index.php/", $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']);[/code]

$request is now an array whose first element is everything before and including index.php, and whose second element is everything after index.php. By manipulating $requests[1] we can use that data as our data.

[code]$requests = explode("/index.php/", $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']);
$uri = explode('/', $requests[1]);[/code]

The $uri array now contains all our disguised requests, which we can use in the same way as a $_GET request (with the exception of a sexier URL).

With three lines of code we have transformed a ugly looking URL http://www.example.com/index.php?module=Blog&view=index to http://www.example.com/index.php/Blog/index (a URL the most avid Web 2.0 gurus would find acceptable).

For a signal x(t), its Laplace transform X(s) is defined by

Example: For a signal x(t) = e^-atu(t) find the Laplace transform X(s).

By definition

Since u(t) = 0 for t < 0 and u(t) = 1 for t ≥ 0,

Thus we can conclude

Guy Steele’s keynote at the 1998 ACM OOPSLA conference on “Growing a Language” discusses the importance of and issues associated with designing a programming language that can be grown by its users.

The Idea

Probably the most important piece of code you can write is a comment. Comments not only make your code more clear to others, it will also help you to remember what you were thinking for future development.

The Solution

A comment is a piece of code that is ignored by the compiler that allows others to understand what is going on. In java there are two ways you can comment your code. You can use the traditional double forward slash like this
[code]//This is a comment[/code]
which comments everything to the left of the double forward slashes and ends with a new line. Or the other commonly used comment for commenting multiple is the forward slash asterisk like this:
[code]/**
using this
You can
Comment multiple
Lines
*/ [/code]
It is a common standard to comment every method in a class and include the parameters and return values. The java docs make specific use of this. Lets say we are giving a simple class like the one below:
[code lang="java"]package helloworld;
public class Hello {
private String name;
public hello(String aName) {
name = aName;
}

public String sayHello(){
Return "Hello, " + name + "!";
}
}
[/code]

If this code were well commented it would look like this:

[code lang="java"]package helloworld;
public class Hello {
private String name;
/**
* Constructs a Hello object that can greet a person.
* @param aName the name of the person who should be addressed.
*/

public hello(String aName) {
name = aName;
}
/**
* Greet with a "Hello" message.
* @return a message containing "Hello" and the name of the person.
*/
public String sayHello(){
Return "Hello, " + name + "!";
}
}
[/code]

The first line of a comment should be well formed to give the holistic idea of what that method does. In comments parameters are commented using the @param and return values are commented using @return. If you properly comment your documents, you can use Java’s javadoc utility to create a series of HTML files that document your classes and methods, but javadocs use your comments!

While the intention of this feature is to enhance user experience, this has certainly not been the case for me. Rather than improving network transfers it caped mine at 50kb/s. To disable Receive Window Auto-Tuning open up an elevated command prompt and issue the command:

netsh interface tcp set global autotuninglevel=disable

In 2007 I started my freshman year at SUNY Buffalo as a computer engineer. My first and second semesters were mostly filled with general education requirements (English, American pluralism, ect…). However, like most curriculums I took two basic programming classes where I learned Java. I was suppose to learn other more important things like the concept behind object oriented design and other software development methodologies, but for some reason they did not become apparent until much later. My third and fourth semesters were filled with mostly general engineering classes which included calculus, differential equations, physics, and chemistry as well as a few others and one computer science class – algorithms and data structures and one electrical engineering class – [analog] circuit analysis. At the end of my fourth semester I finally made an appointment with my academic advisor. We went over my success path for the remaining four semesters which were mostly filled with electrical engineering classes. I felt like I was in a difficult position. I enjoy programming and I enjoy computer science. However, there were very few computer science classes in my schedule. Moreover, I am not particularly fond of the typical computer-science-type-of-job stereo type. You know… the one where some geek with a pocket protector sits in a small four foot by four foot cubicle office with no window. Yeah… that’s not really my cup of tea. I want something more hands-on. It was at this point where I took some time to evaluate what I really wanted to learn and what really wanted to do after college. The questions I asked myself were the similar to the ones I had in high school. Should I switch to a computer science? Should I switch to electrical engineering? Should I do nothing and remain a computer engineer? After some deep consideration I concluded I had no effing clue. Thus I decided to play it safe double major in computer science and electrical engineering and get the best (and worst) of both worlds.

Computer engineering provided me with some computer science and some electrical engineering, and although on average, a newly graduated computer engineer will make more money than a computer scientist due to their variety of knowledge, a computer scientist with a specialization is likely to make more money than the average computer engineer as with a specialized electrical engineer. A computer engineer is a “jack of all trades,” and thus the curriculum made it difficult to specialize in any particular field.

However, engineering and more particularly electrical engineering is not for everyone. If you suck at math, do not care about hardware, or just want to write code for a living, then computer science is what you should major in, but from experience, programming gets old, quickly. On the other hand if you hate writing code but enjoy working with computer hardware you probably want electrical engineering. If you enjoy programming and hardware or enjoy how the two abstractions interact, you want computer engineering. However, for all you high school students who are reading this, despite what you think you want to major in, I recommend giving computer engineering a shot. It will give you the best of both worlds, and toward the end of your sophomore year, if you realize you do not like hardware you can easily switch to computer science (as the majority of the curriculum overlaps), or if you are like me and enjoy both stick with it or get more for your money and double up.